One counterexample is enough, sentence 2
One black swan, and "all" is gone: "It's a swan, bro, and it's black. 'All' just died."
Who acts: friend, All · What happens: be, die · To what, where: all, swan · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, All), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 swan | nummod |
| 2 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 swan | amod |
| 3 | swan | swan | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 gone | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 gone | cc |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 all | punct |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 gone | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 all | punct |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 gone | cop |
| 10 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 swan | conj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 swan | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 swan | punct |
| 13 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 swan | nsubj |
| 14 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 swan | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 swan | det |
| 16 | swan | swan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gone | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bro | punct |
| 18 | bro | bro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 swan | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 black | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 black | cc |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 black | nsubj |
| 22 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 black | cop |
| 23 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 gone | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swan | punct |
| 25 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 died | punct |
| 26 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 died | nsubj |
| 27 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 26 All | punct |
| 28 | just | just | ADV | _ | 29 died | advmod |
| 29 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 swan | conj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swan | punct |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 swan | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present · passive | all | go property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | friend | a swan and bro | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | friend | black property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | die in a quote | past | All | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/2/