One counterexample is enough, sentence 13
The platypus and the echidnas (spiny anteaters of Australia and New Guinea) are mammals that lay eggs; most mammals give birth to live young.
Who acts: platypus, mammals, most mammals · What happens: be, lay, give · To what, where: mammals, eggs, birth, live young
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (platypus, mammals, most mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 platypus | det |
| 2 | platypus | platypus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mammals | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 echidnas | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 echidnas | det |
| 5 | echidnas | echidna | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 platypus | conj |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 anteaters | punct |
| 7 | spiny | spiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 anteaters | amod |
| 8 | anteaters | anteater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 echidnas | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Australia | case |
| 10 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 anteaters | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Guinea | cc |
| 12 | New | New | PROPN | _ | 13 Guinea | compound |
| 13 | Guinea | Guinea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Australia | conj |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 anteaters | punct |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 mammals | cop |
| 16 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 lay | nsubj |
| 18 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 mammals | acl:relcl |
| 19 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lay | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 give | punct |
| 21 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 22 mammals | amod |
| 22 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 give | nsubj |
| 23 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 mammals | parataxis |
| 24 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 give | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 young | case |
| 26 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 young | amod |
| 27 | young | young | NOUN | _ | 24 birth | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 mammals | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the platypus and the echidnas and spiny anteaters of Australia and New Guinea | mammals | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lay | present | mammals | eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 3 | give | present | most mammals | birth | live young | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to young=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/13/