One counterexample is enough, sentence 6
"Most dogs can't climb trees" is true; "dogs can't climb trees" is not.
Who acts: Most dogs, dogs · What happens: not climb, be · To what, where: trees · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most dogs, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 climb | punct |
| 2 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 dogs | amod |
| 3 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 climb | nsubj |
| 4 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 climb | aux |
| 5 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 climb | advmod |
| 6 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 true | csubj |
| 7 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 climb | obj |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 climb | punct |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 true | cop |
| 10 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 true | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 climb | punct |
| 13 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 climb | nsubj |
| 14 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 climb | aux |
| 15 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 climb | advmod |
| 16 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 not | csubj |
| 17 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 climb | obj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 climb | punct |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 not | cop |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 true | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 true | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not climb in a quote | can | Most dogs | trees | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | true property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | not climb in a quote | can | dogs | trees | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/6/