One counterexample is enough, sentence 7
One clear example that breaks an "all", "never" or "nobody" claim shows the claim is false.
Who acts: One clear example, claim · What happens: break, show, be · To what, where: all claim · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One clear example, claim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 example | nummod |
| 2 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 example | amod |
| 3 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 shows | nsubj |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 breaks | nsubj |
| 5 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 example | acl:relcl |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 all | det |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 all | punct |
| 8 | all | all | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 claim | compound |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 all | punct |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 never | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 never | punct |
| 12 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 8 all | conj |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 never | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 nobody | cc |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 nobody | punct |
| 16 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 8 all | conj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 nobody | punct |
| 18 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 breaks | obj |
| 19 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 claim | det |
| 21 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 false | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 false | cop |
| 23 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 shows | ccomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | present | One clear example | all claim | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer claim=Patient | ||||
| 2 | show | present | One clear example | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | the claim | false property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/7/