Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 1
Animals with a backbone are vertebrates: mammals have hair or fur and feed their babies milk; birds have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs; fish live in water, breathe with gills and most have scales and fins.
Who acts: Animals, mammals, birds, fish, most · What happens: be, have, feed, lay, shell, live · To what, where: vertebrates, hair, babies milk, feathers, shelled eggs, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, mammals, birds, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 vertebrates | nsubj |
| 2 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 backbone | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 backbone | det |
| 4 | backbone | backbone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Animals | nmod |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 vertebrates | cop |
| 6 | vertebrates | vertebrate | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
| 8 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 have | nsubj |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 vertebrates | parataxis |
| 10 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obj |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 fur | cc |
| 12 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hair | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 feed | cc |
| 14 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | conj |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 milk | nmod:poss |
| 16 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 milk | compound |
| 17 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 feed | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 have | punct |
| 19 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 have | nsubj |
| 20 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 vertebrates | parataxis |
| 21 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 have | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 lay | cc |
| 23 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 have | conj |
| 24 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 shelled | advmod |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 hard | punct |
| 26 | shelled | shell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 eggs | amod |
| 27 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 lay | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 29 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 live | nsubj |
| 30 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 have | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 water | case |
| 32 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 live | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 breathe | punct |
| 34 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 live | conj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 gills | case |
| 36 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 breathe | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 have | cc |
| 38 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 39 have | nsubj |
| 39 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 have | conj |
| 40 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 have | obj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 fins | cc |
| 42 | fins | fin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 scales | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 vertebrates | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Animals with a backbone | vertebrates | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | present | mammals | hair or fur | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | mammals not said here | animals's babies milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | present | birds | feathers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | ||||
| 5 | lay | present | birds not said here | shelled eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 6 | shell | participle | hard property | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | live | present | fish | water | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | ||||
| 8 | breathe | present | fish not said here | with gills | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | have | present | most | scales and fins | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scale=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/24-animal-groups/1/