Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 2

Reptiles have dry, scaly skin and most lay leathery eggs on land; amphibians have smooth, moist skin, lay soft eggs in water and usually start life in water before living on land.

Who acts: Reptiles, amphibians · What happens: have, lay, start, live · To what, where: dry scaly skin, leathery eggs, land, smooth moist skin, soft eggs, water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reptiles, amphibians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skin	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 dry	punct
5	scaly	scaly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skin	amod
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 lay	cc
8	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	9 lay	advmod
9	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
10	leathery	leathery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 eggs	amod
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lay	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	13 land	case
13	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lay	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 have	punct
15	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 have	nsubj
16	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lay	parataxis
17	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 skin	amod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 smooth	punct
19	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 skin	amod
20	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 have	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 lay	punct
22	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 have	conj
23	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 eggs	amod
24	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 lay	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 water	case
26	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 lay	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 start	cc
28	usually	usually	ADV	_	29 start	advmod
29	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 have	conj
30	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 start	obj
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 water	case
32	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 start	obl
33	before	before	SCONJ	_	34 living	mark
34	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 start	advcl
35	on	on	ADP	_	36 land	case
36	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 living	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Reptiles	dry scaly skin			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
2	lay	present	Reptiles not said here	leathery eggs	land		vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on land=Destination
3	have	present	amphibians	smooth moist skin			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
4	lay	present	amphibians not said here	soft eggs	water		vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in water=Destination
5	start	present	amphibians not said here	life	water	usually property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Eventuality
6	live	gerund	amphibians not said here		land		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/24-animal-groups/2/