Groups of animals and how to tell them apart, sentence 16
Mammals and birds keep their bodies warm from inside; fish, amphibians and reptiles take their warmth from their surroundings, so people often call them cold-blooded.
Who acts: Mammals, fish, people · What happens: keep, take, call · To what, where: bodies, warmth, surroundings, mammals · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Groups of animals and how to tell them apart» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammals, fish, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 birds | cc |
| 3 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Mammals | conj |
| 4 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 6 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keep | obj |
| 7 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 keep | xcomp |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 inside | case |
| 9 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 4 keep | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 fish | punct |
| 11 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 take | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 amphibians | punct |
| 13 | amphibians | amphibian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 fish | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 reptiles | cc |
| 15 | reptiles | reptile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 fish | conj |
| 16 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 keep | parataxis |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 warmth | nmod:poss |
| 18 | warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 take | obj |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 surroundings | case |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 surroundings | nmod:poss |
| 21 | surroundings | surroundings | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 16 take | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 call | punct |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 call | advmod |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 call | nsubj |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 call | advmod |
| 26 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 take | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 call | obj |
| 28 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 blooded | amod |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 cold | punct |
| 30 | blooded | blooded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 call | xcomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Mammals and birds | mammals's bodies | warm property | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer body=Beneficiary from inside=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | take | present | fish and amphibians and reptiles | mammals's warmth | mammals's surroundings | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme from surroundings=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | call | present | people | mammals = mammal | blooded, often property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:024-animal-groups.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/24-animal-groups/16/