Habitats and adaptations, sentence 1
An adaptation is a feature of the body or behaviour that helps a living thing survive in its habitat; adaptations grow over very many generations (parents, then their young, then their young's young, and so on), not during one animal's life.
Who acts: adaptation, feature, living thing, adaptations · What happens: be, help, survive, grow · To what, where: feature, living thing, habitat, many generations
This is a sentence of the lesson «Habitats and adaptations» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adaptation, feature, living thing, adaptations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 adaptation | det |
| 2 | adaptation | adaptation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 feature | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 feature | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 feature | det |
| 5 | feature | feature | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 body | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 body | det |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 feature | nmod |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 behaviour | cc |
| 10 | behaviour | behaviour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 body | conj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 helps | nsubj |
| 12 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 feature | acl:relcl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 thing | det |
| 14 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 thing | amod |
| 15 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helps | obj |
| 16 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 helps | xcomp |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 habitat | case |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 habitat | nmod:poss |
| 19 | habitat | habitat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 survive | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 grow | punct |
| 21 | adaptations | adaptation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 grow | nsubj |
| 22 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 helps | conj |
| 23 | over | over | ADV | _ | 25 many | advmod |
| 24 | very | very | ADV | _ | 25 many | advmod |
| 25 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 generations | amod |
| 26 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 grow | obl |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 parents | punct |
| 28 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 generations | appos |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 young | punct |
| 30 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 young | advmod |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 young | nmod:poss |
| 32 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 helps | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 young | punct |
| 34 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 young | advmod |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 young | nmod:poss |
| 36 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 young | amod |
| 37 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 36 young | case |
| 38 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 helps | xcomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 on | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 on | cc |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 42 on | advmod |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 helps | obj |
| 43 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 on | punct |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 life | punct |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 50 life | advmod |
| 46 | during | during | ADP | _ | 50 life | case |
| 47 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 48 animal | nummod |
| 48 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 life | nmod:poss |
| 49 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 48 animal | case |
| 50 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helps | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 feature | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a adaptation | a feature | of the body or behaviour | tree rules | |||
| 2 | help | present | a feature | a living thing | young property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | survive | infinitive | a living thing not said here | thing's habitat | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in habitat=Location | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | adaptations | many generations | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:027-habitats-and-adaptations.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/27-habitats-and-adaptations/1/