Migration and hibernation, sentence 4

A hedgehog curled up in a pile of leaves in winter may breathe only a few times a minute; it is not just sleeping, its whole body has slowed down to save energy.

Who acts: hedgehog, whole body · What happens: curl up, breathe, not sleep, slow down, save · To what, where: hedgehog, pile, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration and hibernation» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hedgehog, whole body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hedgehog	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 breathe	nsubj
3	curled	curl	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hedgehog	acl
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 curled	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 pile	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pile	det
7	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 curled	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 leaves	case
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 pile	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 winter	case
11	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 breathe	obl
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 breathe	aux
13	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
14	only	only	ADV	_	17 times	advmod
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 times	det
16	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 times	amod
17	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 breathe	obl:unmarked
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 minute	det
19	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 times	nmod:unmarked
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 sleeping	punct
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 sleeping	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 sleeping	aux
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 sleeping	advmod
24	just	just	ADV	_	25 sleeping	advmod
25	sleeping	sleep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 breathe	parataxis
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 slowed	punct
27	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 body	nmod:poss
28	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 body	amod
29	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 slowed	nsubj
30	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 slowed	aux
31	slowed	slow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	25 sleeping	parataxis
32	down	down	ADP	_	31 slowed	compound:prt
33	to	to	PART	_	34 save	mark
34	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 slowed	advcl
35	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 save	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 breathe	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	curl up	participle		a hedgehog not said here	a pile of leaves		vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
2	breathe	may	a hedgehog			time; winter	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not sleep	present · progressive	hedgehog				vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	slow down	present · perfect	hedgehog's whole body				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	save	to-infinitive	hedgehog's whole body not said here	energy			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:028-migration-and-hibernation.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/28-migration-and-hibernation/4/