Classifying unusual animals, sentence 1
A bat flies, but it has fur and feeds its babies milk, so it is a mammal; a whale lives in the sea, but it breathes air with lungs and feeds its calf milk, so it is a mammal too.
Who acts: bat, whale · What happens: fly, have, feed, be, live, breathe · To what, where: fur, milk, babies, mammal, sea, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, whale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 bat | det |
| 2 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flies | nsubj |
| 3 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 has | punct |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 has | cc |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 has | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 flies | conj |
| 8 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 feeds | cc |
| 10 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 has | conj |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 babies | nmod:poss |
| 12 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 feeds | iobj |
| 13 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 feeds | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 mammal | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 mammal | advmod |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 mammal | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 mammal | cop |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 mammal | det |
| 19 | mammal | mammal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flies | parataxis |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 lives | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 whale | det |
| 22 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lives | nsubj |
| 23 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 flies | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 sea | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 sea | det |
| 26 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lives | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 breathes | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 breathes | cc |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 breathes | nsubj |
| 30 | breathes | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 flies | conj |
| 31 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 breathes | obj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 lungs | case |
| 33 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 breathes | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 feeds | cc |
| 35 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 breathes | conj |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 milk | nmod:poss |
| 37 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 milk | compound |
| 38 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 feeds | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 mammal | punct |
| 40 | so | so | ADV | _ | 44 mammal | advmod |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 mammal | nsubj |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 mammal | cop |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 mammal | det |
| 44 | mammal | mammal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 breathes | conj |
| 45 | too | too | ADV | _ | 44 mammal | advmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 flies | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | present | a bat | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | have | present | bat | fur | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | bat not said here | milk | bat's babies | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient milk=Theme | |||
| 4 | is a | present | bat | a mammal | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | live | present | a whale | the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location | ||||
| 6 | breathe | present | whale | air | with lungs | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | |||
| 7 | feed | present | whale not said here | whale's calf milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 8 | is a | present | bat | a mammal | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:029-classifying-unusual-animals.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/1/