Classifying unusual animals, sentence 8
Penguins are birds: they have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs, but use their wings as flippers.
Who acts: Penguins, dolphins · What happens: be, have, lay, shell, use · To what, where: birds, feathers, shelled eggs, wings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Classifying unusual animals» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penguins, dolphins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 birds | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 birds | cop |
| 3 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 have | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 have | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 birds | parataxis |
| 7 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 have | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 lay | cc |
| 9 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 have | conj |
| 10 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 shelled | amod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 shelled | punct |
| 12 | shelled | shell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 eggs | amod |
| 13 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 lay | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 use | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 use | cc |
| 16 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 have | conj |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 wings | nmod:poss |
| 18 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 use | obj |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 flippers | case |
| 20 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 use | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 birds | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Penguins | birds | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | present | dolphins = dolphin | feathers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | ||||
| 3 | lay | present | dolphins = dolphin not said here | shelled eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 4 | shell | participle | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | use | present | dolphins = dolphin not said here | dolphins's wings | as flippers | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent wing=Duration as flipper=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:029-classifying-unusual-animals.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/29-classifying-unusual-animals/8/