Balance in a food web, sentence 0
When an animal eats, most of the energy in its food is used up for moving, keeping warm and living, and only a small part (about a tenth) is built into its body and can pass on to whoever eats it.
Who acts: animal, whoever · What happens: eat, use up, move, keep, live, build · To what, where: most, small part, body, animal
This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 eats | mark |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 animal | det |
| 3 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 eats | nsubj |
| 4 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 used | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 eats | punct |
| 6 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 used | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 energy | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 energy | det |
| 9 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 most | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 food | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 food | nmod:poss |
| 12 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 energy | nmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 used | aux:pass |
| 14 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 used | compound:prt |
| 16 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 17 moving | mark |
| 17 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 used | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 keeping | punct |
| 19 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 moving | conj |
| 20 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 keeping | xcomp |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 living | cc |
| 22 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 keeping | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 part | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 part | cc |
| 25 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 part | advmod |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 part | det |
| 27 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 part | amod |
| 28 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 built | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 tenth | punct |
| 30 | about | about | ADV | _ | 32 tenth | advmod |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 tenth | det |
| 32 | tenth | tenth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 part | appos |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 tenth | punct |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 built | aux:pass |
| 35 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 used | conj |
| 36 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 body | case |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 body | nmod:poss |
| 38 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 built | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 pass | cc |
| 40 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 pass | aux |
| 41 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 built | conj |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 pass | compound:prt |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 eats | case |
| 44 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 eats | nsubj |
| 45 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 pass | obl |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 eats | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 used | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | a animal | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | use up | present · passive | most of the energy in animal's food | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | move | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | keep | gerund | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | build | present · passive | a small part | animal's body | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into body=Product | ||||
| 7 | pass on | can | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | eat | present | whoever | animal | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/0/