Balance in a food web, sentence 1

So each step of a food chain has much less energy than the one below: there must be far more grass than zebras, and far more zebras than lions, which is why big predators are always rare.

Who acts: step, more zebras · What happens: have, be, step · To what, where: less energy, more grass, food chain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (step, more zebras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	8 has	advmod
2	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 step	det
3	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 has	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 chain	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 chain	det
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chain	compound
7	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 step	nmod
8	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	much	much	ADV	_	10 less	advmod
10	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 energy	amod
11	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 has	obj
12	than	than	ADP	_	14 one	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 one	det
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 energy	nmod
15	below	below	ADV	_	14 one	advmod
16	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 has	punct
17	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	19 be	expl
18	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 be	aux
19	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	22 grass	cop
20	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	21 more	advmod
21	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	22 grass	amod
22	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 has	conj
23	than	than	ADP	_	24 zebras	case
24	zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 grass	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 zebras	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 zebras	cc
27	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	28 more	advmod
28	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 zebras	amod
29	zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 grass	conj
30	than	than	ADP	_	31 lions	case
31	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 zebras	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 rare	punct
33	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	40 rare	nsubj
34	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 rare	cop
35	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	40 rare	advmod
36	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 predators	amod
37	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 rare	nsubj
38	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 rare	cop
39	always	always	ADV	_	40 rare	advmod
40	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 zebras	conj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	each step of a food chain	less energy	than the one	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient
2	is a	infinitive	each step of a food chain not said here	more grass and more zebras than lions	than zebras	tree rules
3	is	present	more zebras than lions		always, rare property	tree rules
4	step			a food chain		nom step «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/1/