Balance in a food web, sentence 3
Sea otters eat sea urchins, and sea urchins eat kelp seaweed; where otters were hunted away, the urchins multiplied and ate whole kelp forests, and all the fish living in the kelp lost their home.
Who acts: Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, fish · What happens: eat, hunt away, multiply, live, lose · To what, where: sea urchins, kelp seaweed, otters, whole kelp forests, kelp, home
This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea otters, sea urchins, urchins, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 otters | compound |
| 2 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 eat | nsubj |
| 3 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 urchins | compound |
| 5 | urchins | urchin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 eat | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 eat | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 eat | cc |
| 8 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 urchins | compound |
| 9 | urchins | urchin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 eat | nsubj |
| 10 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 eat | conj |
| 11 | kelp | kelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 seaweed | compound |
| 12 | seaweed | seaweed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 eat | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 hunted | punct |
| 14 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 hunted | advmod |
| 15 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 hunted | nsubj |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 hunted | aux:pass |
| 17 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 multiplied | advcl |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 17 hunted | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 urchins | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 urchins | det |
| 21 | urchins | urchin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 multiplied | nsubj |
| 22 | multiplied | multiply | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 eat | parataxis |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 ate | cc |
| 24 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 multiplied | conj |
| 25 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 forests | amod |
| 26 | kelp | kelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 forests | compound |
| 27 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 ate | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 lost | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 lost | cc |
| 30 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 fish | det:predet |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 fish | det |
| 32 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 lost | nsubj |
| 33 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 fish | acl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 kelp | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 kelp | det |
| 36 | kelp | kelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 living | obl |
| 37 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 multiplied | conj |
| 38 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 home | nmod:poss |
| 39 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lost | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 eat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | Sea otters | sea urchins | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient | ||||
| 2 | eat | present | sea urchins | kelp seaweed | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seaweed=Patient | ||||
| 3 | hunt away | past · passive | otters | away property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | multiply | past | the urchins | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | eat | past | the urchins not said here | whole kelp forests | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient | ||||
| 6 | live | gerund | all fish not said here | the kelp | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in kelp=Location | ||||
| 7 | lose | past | all fish | fish's home | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/3/