Balance in a food web, sentence 8
Food chains rarely have more than four or five steps, because too little energy is left at the top.
Who acts: Food chains · What happens: have, leave · To what, where: four steps, little energy, top
This is a sentence of the lesson «Balance in a food web» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Food chains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chains | compound |
| 2 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 3 | rarely | rarely | ADV | _ | 4 have | advmod |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 four | advmod |
| 6 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 steps | case |
| 7 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 steps | nummod |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 five | cc |
| 9 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 four | conj |
| 10 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 left | punct |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 17 left | mark |
| 13 | too | too | ADV | _ | 14 little | advmod |
| 14 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 energy | amod |
| 15 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 left | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 left | aux:pass |
| 17 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 have | advcl |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 top | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 top | det |
| 20 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 left | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Food chains | four steps | rarely property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Patient | |||
| 2 | leave | present · passive | little energy | the top | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at top=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:030-balance-in-food-webs.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/30-balance-in-food-webs/8/