Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics, sentence 7

Light travels about a million times faster than sound, so we see lightning almost at once but hear the thunder later; sound takes about 3 seconds to go one kilometre (about 5 seconds to go one mile), so counting the seconds tells you how far away the storm is.

Who acts: Light, we, sound, 5 seconds, counting, storm · What happens: travel, see, hear, take, go, count · To what, where: lightning, thunder, one kilometre, one mile, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a scientist: the body and physics» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, we, sound, 5 seconds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADV	_	5 million	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 million	det
5	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 times	nummod
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 faster	obl:unmarked
7	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 travels	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 sound	case
9	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 faster	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 travels	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 see	advmod
12	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 see	nsubj
13	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 travels	parataxis
14	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 see	obj
15	almost	almost	ADV	_	17 once	advmod
16	at	at	ADP	_	17 once	case
17	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	13 see	advmod
18	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 hear	cc
19	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 see	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 thunder	det
21	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hear	obj
22	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 hear	advmod
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 takes	punct
24	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 takes	nsubj
25	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 travels	parataxis
26	about	about	ADV	_	27 3	advmod
27	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	28 seconds	nummod
28	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 takes	obj
29	to	to	PART	_	30 go	mark
30	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 seconds	acl
31	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	32 kilometre	nummod
32	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 go	obl
33	(	(	PUNCT	_	36 seconds	punct
34	about	about	ADV	_	35 5	advmod
35	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	36 seconds	nummod
36	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 go	nsubj
37	to	to	PART	_	38 go	mark
38	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 takes	parataxis
39	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	40 mile	nummod
40	mile	mile	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 go	obj
41	)	)	PUNCT	_	38 go	punct
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 tells	punct
43	so	so	ADV	_	44 counting	advmod
44	counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	47 tells	csubj
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 seconds	det
46	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 counting	obj
47	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 travels	parataxis
48	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	47 tells	iobj
49	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	50 far	advmod
50	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	51 away	advmod
51	away	away	ADV	_	47 tells	ccomp
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 storm	det
53	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 away	nsubj
54	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 away	cop
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 travels	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Light				fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	see	present	we	lightning			once property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus
3	hear	present	we not said here	the thunder			late property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus
4	take	present	sound			second		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	go	to-infinitive	sound not said here	one kilometre				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	go	to-infinitive	5 seconds	one mile				vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mile=Theme
7	count	gerund				second		vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
8	tell speech: assert	present	counting		you			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
9	is	present	the storm				away, far property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:040-body-and-physics-reasoning.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/40-body-and-physics-reasoning/7/