Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 1
Where two plates push together, the rock crumples and rises up as mountains over millions of years; the Himalayas, with Mount Everest, are still growing because India keeps pushing into Asia.
Who acts: two plates, rock, Himalayas, India · What happens: push together, crumple, rise up, grow, keep, push · To what, where: millions, Asia
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two plates, rock, Himalayas, India), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 4 push | advmod |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 plates | nummod |
| 3 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 push | nsubj |
| 4 | push | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 crumples | advcl |
| 5 | together | together | ADV | _ | 4 push | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 push | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 rock | det |
| 8 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 crumples | nsubj |
| 9 | crumples | crumple | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 rises | cc |
| 11 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 crumples | conj |
| 12 | up | up | ADV | _ | 11 rises | advmod |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 mountains | case |
| 14 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 rises | obl |
| 15 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 millions | case |
| 16 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 rises | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 years | case |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 millions | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 Himalayas | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Himalayas | det |
| 21 | Himalayas | himalaya | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 growing | nsubj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Himalayas | punct |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 Everest | case |
| 24 | Mount | mount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Everest | compound |
| 25 | Everest | everest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Himalayas | appos |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 growing | punct |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 growing | aux |
| 28 | still | still | ADV | _ | 29 growing | advmod |
| 29 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 crumples | parataxis |
| 30 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 32 keeps | mark |
| 31 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 keeps | nsubj |
| 32 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 growing | advcl |
| 33 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 keeps | xcomp |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 35 Asia | case |
| 35 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 pushing | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 crumples | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | push together | present | two plates | together property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | crumple | present | the rock | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | rise up | present | the rock not said here | millions of years | as mountains | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over million=Location | |||
| 4 | grow | present · progressive | the Himalayas | still | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | keep | present | India | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | push | gerund | India not said here | Asia | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into asia=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:043-landforms.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/1/