Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 2
Where plates grind or slip past each other, the ground shakes in an earthquake; where melted rock called magma finds a way up through cracks, it bursts out as lava from a volcano.
Who acts: plates, ground, rock · What happens: grind, slip, shake, melt, call, find up · To what, where: earthquake, magma, way, cracks, volcano · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plates, ground, rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 3 grind | advmod |
| 2 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grind | nsubj |
| 3 | grind | grind | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 slip | cc |
| 5 | slip | slip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grind | conj |
| 6 | past | past | ADP | _ | 8 other | case |
| 7 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 other | det |
| 8 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 slip | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 shakes | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ground | det |
| 11 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shakes | nsubj |
| 12 | shakes | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grind | parataxis |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 earthquake | case |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 earthquake | det |
| 15 | earthquake | earthquake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shakes | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 melted | punct |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 melted | advmod |
| 18 | melted | melt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 grind | advcl |
| 19 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 finds | nsubj |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 rock | acl |
| 21 | magma | magma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | xcomp |
| 22 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 melted | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 way | det |
| 24 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 finds | obj |
| 25 | up | up | ADV | _ | 22 finds | advmod |
| 26 | through | through | ADP | _ | 27 cracks | case |
| 27 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 finds | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bursts | punct |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 bursts | nsubj |
| 30 | bursts | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grind | conj |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 bursts | compound:prt |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 lava | case |
| 33 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 bursts | obl |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 volcano | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 volcano | det |
| 36 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 bursts | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grind | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grind | present | plates | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | slip | present | plates not said here | past each other | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | shake | present | the ground | a earthquake | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in earthquake=Location | ||||
| 4 | melt | participle | plates not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | call | participle | rock not said here | magma | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | find up | present | rock | a way | cracks | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | |||
| 7 | burst out | present | rock | a volcano | as lava | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:043-landforms.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/2/