Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 3

Water shapes the land too: a river carries sand and stones that scrape its bed, and over thousands of years it cuts a deep valley shaped like the letter V; where it slows down near the sea, it drops its sand and mud and builds a delta.

Who acts: Water, river, sand · What happens: shape, carry, scrape, cut, slow down, drop · To what, where: land, sand, bed, deep valley, thousands, sea

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, river, sand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shapes	nsubj
2	shapes	shape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 land	det
4	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shapes	obj
5	too	too	ADV	_	2 shapes	advmod
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 carries	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 carries	nsubj
9	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 shapes	parataxis
10	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 carries	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 stones	cc
12	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 sand	conj
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 scrape	nsubj
14	scrape	scrape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 sand	acl:relcl
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 bed	nmod:poss
16	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 scrape	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 cuts	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 cuts	cc
19	over	over	ADP	_	20 thousands	case
20	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 cuts	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 years	case
22	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 thousands	nmod
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 cuts	nsubj
24	cuts	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 shapes	conj
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 valley	det
26	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 valley	amod
27	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 cuts	obj
28	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 valley	acl
29	like	like	ADP	_	32 V	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 V	det
31	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 V	compound
32	V	v	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 shaped	obl
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 slows	punct
34	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	36 slows	advmod
35	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 slows	nsubj
36	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 shapes	conj
37	down	down	ADP	_	36 slows	compound:prt
38	near	near	ADP	_	40 sea	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 sea	det
40	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 slows	obl
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 drops	punct
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 drops	nsubj
43	drops	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 shapes	conj
44	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	45 sand	nmod:poss
45	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 drops	obj
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 mud	cc
47	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 sand	conj
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 builds	cc
49	builds	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 drops	conj
50	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	51 delta	det
51	delta	delta	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 builds	obj
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 shapes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	shape	present	Water	the land			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset land=Product
2	carry	present	a river	sand and stones			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme
3	scrape	present	sand and stones	river's bed			vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Patient
4	cut	present	Water	a deep valley	thousands of years		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material valley=Product
5	shape	participle		a deep valley not said here		like the letter V	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
6	slow down	present	Water		the sea		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	drop	present	Water	river's sand and mud			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme
8	build	present	Water not said here	a delta			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset delta=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:043-landforms.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/3/