Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 4
A lake is water resting in a hollow of the land, a sea is a part of the ocean partly closed by land, and a river is water flowing downhill in a channel from its source to its mouth.
Who acts: lake, water, sea, river · What happens: be, rest, close, flow · To what, where: water, hollow, part, channel
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lake, water, sea, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lake | det |
| 2 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 water | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 water | cop |
| 4 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 part | conj |
| 5 | resting | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 water | acl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 hollow | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 hollow | det |
| 8 | hollow | hollow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 resting | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 land | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 land | det |
| 11 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hollow | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 part | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 part | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 part | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 part | det |
| 17 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 ocean | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 ocean | det |
| 20 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 part | nmod |
| 21 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 22 closed | advmod |
| 22 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 part | acl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 land | case |
| 24 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 closed | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 water | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 water | cc |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 river | det |
| 28 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 water | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 water | cop |
| 30 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 part | conj |
| 31 | flowing | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 water | acl |
| 32 | downhill | downhill | ADV | _ | 31 flowing | advmod |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 channel | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 channel | det |
| 35 | channel | channel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flowing | obl |
| 36 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 source | case |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 source | nmod:poss |
| 38 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 channel | nmod |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 mouth | case |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 41 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 source | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 water | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a lake | water | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rest | gerund | water not said here | a hollow of the land | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hollow=Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | a sea | a part and water and water | of the ocean | tree rules | |||
| 4 | close | participle | a part and water and water not said here | by land; partly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | a river | water | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | flow | gerund | water not said here | a channel from river's source to river's mouth | downhill property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in channel=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:043-landforms.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/4/