The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, sentence 5

Australia and New Zealand are in the Southern Hemisphere, so their seasons are upside down: when the north half of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun in July, the south half is tilted away, so July is winter in Melbourne and Christmas comes in the summer, often at the beach.

Who acts: Australia, seasons, July, Christmas · What happens: be, tilt, tilt away, come · To what, where: Southern Hemisphere, upside, north half, south half, winter, Melbourne

This is a sentence of the lesson «The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australia, seasons, July, Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Hemisphere	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Zealand	cc
3	New	New	PROPN	_	4 Zealand	flat
4	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Australia	conj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 Hemisphere	cop
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 Hemisphere	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Hemisphere	det
8	Southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 Hemisphere	amod
9	Hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 upside	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	15 upside	advmod
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 seasons	nmod:poss
13	seasons	season	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 upside	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 upside	cop
15	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 Hemisphere	conj
16	down	down	ADP	_	15 upside	compound:prt
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	26 tilted	punct
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	26 tilted	advmod
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 half	det
20	north	north	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 half	amod
21	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	26 tilted	nsubj:pass
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 Earth	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 Earth	det
24	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 half	nmod
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 tilted	aux:pass
26	tilted	tilt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 upside	advcl
27	towards	towards	ADP	_	29 Sun	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 Sun	det
29	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 tilted	obl
30	in	in	ADP	_	31 July	case
31	July	July	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 tilted	obl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 tilted	punct
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 half	det
34	south	south	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 half	amod
35	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	37 tilted	nsubj:pass
36	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 tilted	aux:pass
37	tilted	tilt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 tilted	conj
38	away	away	ADV	_	37 tilted	advmod
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 winter	punct
40	so	so	ADV	_	43 winter	advmod
41	July	July	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 winter	nsubj
42	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 winter	cop
43	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 tilted	parataxis
44	in	in	ADP	_	45 Melbourne	case
45	Melbourne	Melbourne	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 winter	nmod
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 comes	cc
47	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	Number=Sing	48 comes	nsubj
48	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	43 winter	conj
49	in	in	ADP	_	51 summer	case
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 summer	det
51	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 comes	obl
52	,	,	PUNCT	_	56 beach	punct
53	often	often	ADV	_	56 beach	advmod
54	at	at	ADP	_	56 beach	case
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 beach	det
56	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 comes	obl
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 Hemisphere	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Australia and New Zealand		the Southern Hemisphere and upside			tree rules
2	is a	present	Hemisphere's seasons	upside				tree rules
3	tilt	present · passive		the north half of the Earth		july	towards the Sun	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
4	tilt away	present · passive		the south half			away property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
5	is a	present	July	winter	Melbourne			tree rules
6	come	present	Christmas		the beach	summer		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at beach=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/5/