Countries, peoples and languages of the world, sentence 2

People speak about 7,000 different languages; some are spoken by hundreds of millions, like Chinese, English, Hindi and Spanish, and some only by a few hundred people in one valley.

Who acts: People, hundreds · What happens: speak · To what, where: 7,000 different languages, some · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 speak	nsubj
2	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADV	_	4 7,000	advmod
4	7,000	7000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 languages	nummod
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 languages	amod
6	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 speak	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 spoken	punct
8	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	10 spoken	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 spoken	aux:pass
10	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 speak	parataxis
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 hundreds	case
12	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 spoken	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 millions	case
14	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 hundreds	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 Chinese	punct
16	like	like	ADP	_	17 Chinese	case
17	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 spoken	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 English	punct
19	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Chinese	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 Hindi	punct
21	Hindi	Hindi	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 English	conj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 Spanish	cc
23	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 English	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 people	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 people	cc
26	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	32 people	det
27	only	only	ADV	_	32 people	advmod
28	by	by	ADP	_	32 people	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 people	det
30	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 people	amod
31	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	32 people	nummod
32	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 languages	conj
33	in	in	ADP	_	35 valley	case
34	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 valley	nummod
35	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 people	nmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 speak	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	People	7,000 different languages and some few hundred people in one valley					tree rules
2	speak speech: other	present · passive	hundreds of millions	some					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/2/