Natural resources and why we must save them, sentence 10
Fossil fuels are non-renewable: once burned they cannot be made again in a human lifetime.
Who acts: Fossil fuels · What happens: be, burn, not make · To what, where: fuels, human lifetime
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural resources and why we must save them» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fuels | compound |
| 2 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 non-renewable | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 non-renewable | cop |
| 4 | non-renewable | non-renewable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 burned | punct |
| 6 | once | once | ADV | _ | 7 burned | advmod |
| 7 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 made | advcl |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 made | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | aux |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 made | advmod |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 made | aux:pass |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 non-renewable | parataxis |
| 13 | again | again | ADV | _ | 12 made | advmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 lifetime | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 lifetime | det |
| 16 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 lifetime | amod |
| 17 | lifetime | lifetime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 non-renewable | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Fossil fuels | non-renewable property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | burn | participle | once property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not make | can · passive | fuels = fuel | a human lifetime | again | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:047-natural-resources.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/47-natural-resources/10/