Natural resources and why we must save them, sentence 9
Coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels formed over millions of years from ancient plants and animals.
Who acts: Coal · What happens: be, form · To what, where: fossil fuels, millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural resources and why we must save them» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Coal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fuels | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 oil | punct |
| 3 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Coal | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 gas | cc |
| 5 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 gas | amod |
| 6 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Coal | conj |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 fuels | cop |
| 8 | fossil | fossil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fuels | amod |
| 9 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 10 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 fuels | acl |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 millions | case |
| 12 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 formed | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 years | case |
| 14 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 millions | nmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 plants | case |
| 16 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 plants | amod |
| 17 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 formed | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 animals | cc |
| 19 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 plants | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 fuels | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Coal and oil and natural gas | fossil fuels | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | form | participle | fossil fuels not said here | millions of years | from ancient plants and animals | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over million=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:047-natural-resources.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/47-natural-resources/9/