Natural resources and why we must save them, sentence 2
Others do not renew in a human lifetime: coal, oil and gas formed from plants and tiny sea creatures buried for millions of years, so once we burn them they are gone for good.
Who acts: Others, we · What happens: not renew, form, bury, burn, be · To what, where: human lifetime, coal, plants, Others
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural resources and why we must save them» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Others, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 renew | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 renew | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 renew | advmod |
| 4 | renew | renew | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 lifetime | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 lifetime | det |
| 7 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lifetime | amod |
| 8 | lifetime | lifetime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 renew | obl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 coal | punct |
| 10 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lifetime | appos |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 oil | punct |
| 12 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 coal | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 gas | cc |
| 14 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 oil | conj |
| 15 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 coal | acl:relcl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 plants | case |
| 17 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 formed | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 creatures | cc |
| 19 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 creatures | amod |
| 20 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 creatures | compound |
| 21 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 plants | conj |
| 22 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 plants | acl |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 millions | case |
| 24 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 buried | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 years | case |
| 26 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 millions | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 gone | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 gone | advmod |
| 29 | once | once | SCONJ | _ | 31 burn | mark |
| 30 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 burn | nsubj |
| 31 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 gone | advcl |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 burn | obj |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 gone | nsubj |
| 34 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 gone | cop |
| 35 | gone | gone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 renew | parataxis |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 good | case |
| 37 | good | good | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gone | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 renew | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not renew | present · do-support | Others | a human lifetime | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | form | participle | coal and oil and gas not said here | plants and tiny sea creatures | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bury | participle | plants and tiny sea creatures not said here | for millions of years | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | burn | present | we | Others = other | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | Others = other | for good; gone property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:047-natural-resources.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/47-natural-resources/2/