Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 4
Great inventions changed life: the wheel about 5,500 years ago, writing about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, and printing with movable metal letters by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450, which made books cheap enough for many people to own.
Who acts: Great inventions, printing, Johannes · What happens: change, write, make, own, print · To what, where: life, printing, Mesopotamia, books
This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great inventions, printing, Johannes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 inventions | amod |
| 2 | inventions | invention | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 changed | nsubj |
| 3 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 changed | obj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 wheel | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 wheel | det |
| 7 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 life | appos |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 5,500 | advmod |
| 9 | 5,500 | 5,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 7 wheel | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ago | punct |
| 13 | writing | write | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 ago | advcl |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 5,000 | advmod |
| 15 | 5,000 | 5,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 years | nummod |
| 16 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 13 writing | advmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 Mesopotamia | case |
| 19 | Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 writing | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 printing | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 printing | cc |
| 22 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 writing | obl |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 letters | case |
| 24 | movable | movable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 metal | amod |
| 25 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 letters | compound |
| 26 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 printing | nmod |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 Johannes | case |
| 28 | Johannes | Johannes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 printing | nmod |
| 29 | Gutenberg | Gutenberg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Johannes | flat |
| 30 | around | around | ADP | _ | 31 1450 | case |
| 31 | 1450 | 1450 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 printing | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 made | punct |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 made | nsubj |
| 34 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 printing | acl:relcl |
| 35 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 made | obj |
| 36 | cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 made | xcomp |
| 37 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 36 cheap | advmod |
| 38 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 42 own | mark |
| 39 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 people | amod |
| 40 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 cheap | obl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 own | mark |
| 42 | own | own | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 people | acl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | past | Great inventions | life | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient | ||||
| 2 | write | gerund | Great inventions not said here | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 | Mesopotamia | ago property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 3 | make | past | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 | books | cheap property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset book=Product | |||
| 4 | own | to-infinitive | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 not said here | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 5 | Johannes | with metal letters | nom printing «communication transitive»: with=obl by=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/4/