Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 3

For most of history people hunted and gathered; about 10,000 years ago people began to farm, to keep animals and to live in villages; in Britain, farmers built the great stone circle of Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, and in the Americas people learned to grow maize, a kind of corn, from a wild grass.

Who acts: people, farmers · What happens: hunt, gather, begin, farm, keep, live · To what, where: animals, villages, great stone circle, Britain, Americas, maize

This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	ADP	_	2 most	case
2	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 hunted	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 history	case
4	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 most	nmod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hunted	nsubj
6	hunted	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 built	advcl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 gathered	cc
8	gathered	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hunted	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 began	punct
10	about	about	ADV	_	11 10,000	advmod
11	10,000	10000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ago	obl:unmarked
13	ago	ago	ADV	_	15 began	advmod
14	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 began	nsubj
15	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hunted	parataxis
16	to	to	PART	_	17 farm	mark
17	farm	farm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 began	xcomp
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 keep	punct
19	to	to	PART	_	20 keep	mark
20	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 farm	conj
21	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 keep	obj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 live	cc
23	to	to	PART	_	24 live	mark
24	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 keep	conj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 villages	case
26	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 live	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 Britain	punct
28	in	in	ADP	_	29 Britain	case
29	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 built	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 hunted	punct
31	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 built	nsubj
32	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 circle	det
34	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 circle	amod
35	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 circle	compound
36	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 built	obj
37	of	of	ADP	_	38 Stonehenge	case
38	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 circle	nmod
39	about	about	ADV	_	40 5,000	advmod
40	5,000	5000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	41 years	nummod
41	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 ago	obl:unmarked
42	ago	ago	ADV	_	32 built	advmod
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 learned	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 learned	cc
45	in	in	ADP	_	47 Americas	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 Americas	det
47	Americas	Americas	PROPN	Number=Plur	49 learned	obl
48	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 learned	nsubj
49	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 built	conj
50	to	to	PART	_	51 grow	mark
51	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	49 learned	xcomp
52	maize	maize	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 grow	obj
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 kind	punct
54	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	55 kind	det
55	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 maize	appos
56	of	of	ADP	_	57 corn	case
57	corn	corn	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 kind	nmod
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	62 grass	punct
59	from	from	ADP	_	62 grass	case
60	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	62 grass	det
61	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 grass	amod
62	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 grow	obl
63	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hunted	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hunt	past	people			for most of history	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for most=Theme
2	gather	past	people not said here				vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	begin	past	people			ago property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
4	farm	to-infinitive	people not said here				vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	keep	to-infinitive	people not said here	animals			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
6	live	to-infinitive	people not said here		villages		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location
7	build	past	farmers	the great stone circle of Stonehenge	Britain	ago property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Product
8	learn	past	people		the Americas		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
9	grow	to-infinitive	people not said here	maize	a wild grass		vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent maize=Product from grass=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/3/