Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 0
Rivers flow to the sea because gravity pulls water downhill, and the sea is the lowest place it can reach; the sea does not overflow, because the Sun lifts just as much water from it by evaporation as the rivers bring.
Who acts: Rivers, gravity, sea, Sun · What happens: flow, pull, be, reach, not overflow, lift · To what, where: water, lowest place, much water, sea
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rivers, gravity, sea, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rivers | Rivers | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 flow | nsubj |
| 2 | flow | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 sea | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sea | det |
| 5 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flow | obl |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 8 pulls | mark |
| 7 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 pulls | nsubj |
| 8 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 flow | advcl |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 pulls | obj |
| 10 | downhill | downhill | ADV | _ | 8 pulls | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 place | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 place | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 place | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 place | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 place | det |
| 17 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 18 place | amod |
| 18 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flow | conj |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 reach | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 reach | aux |
| 21 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 place | acl:relcl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 overflow | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sea | det |
| 24 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 overflow | nsubj |
| 25 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 overflow | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 overflow | advmod |
| 27 | overflow | overflow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 flow | parataxis |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 lifts | punct |
| 29 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 32 lifts | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Sun | det |
| 31 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 lifts | nsubj |
| 32 | lifts | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 overflow | advcl |
| 33 | just | just | ADV | _ | 35 much | advmod |
| 34 | as | as | ADV | _ | 35 much | advmod |
| 35 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 water | amod |
| 36 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lifts | obj |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 it | case |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 lifts | obl |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 evaporation | case |
| 40 | evaporation | evaporation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lifts | obl |
| 41 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 44 bring | mark |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 rivers | det |
| 43 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 bring | nsubj |
| 44 | bring | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 lifts | advcl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 flow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | present | Rivers | to the sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | pull | present | gravity | water | downhill property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | |||
| 3 | is a | present | the sea | the lowest place | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | reach | can | sea | the lowest place not said here | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not overflow | present · do-support | the sea | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | lift | present | the Sun | much water | sea | by evaporation | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme from it=Destination by evaporation=Initial_Location | ||
| 7 | bring | present | the rivers | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/0/