Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 5
Water flows downhill because gravity pulls it down, and the sea is lower than the land around it.
Who acts: Water, gravity, sea · What happens: flow, pull down, be · To what, where: water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, gravity, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flows | nsubj |
| 2 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | downhill | downhill | ADV | _ | 2 flows | advmod |
| 4 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 pulls | mark |
| 5 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pulls | nsubj |
| 6 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 flows | advcl |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 pulls | obj |
| 8 | down | down | ADP | _ | 6 pulls | compound:prt |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 lower | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 lower | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sea | det |
| 12 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lower | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 lower | cop |
| 14 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 flows | conj |
| 15 | than | than | ADP | _ | 17 land | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 land | det |
| 17 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lower | obl |
| 18 | around | around | ADP | _ | 19 it | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 land | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 flows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | present | Water | downhill property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | pull down | present | gravity | water | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the sea | than the land around water; low property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/5/