Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 9
The air is warmed mostly by the ground, which is warmed by sunlight.
Who acts: ground, sunlight · What happens: warm · To what, where: air, ground
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, sunlight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 air | det |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 warmed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 warmed | aux:pass |
| 4 | warmed | warm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 4 warmed | advmod |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 ground | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ground | det |
| 8 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 warmed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 warmed | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 warmed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 warmed | aux:pass |
| 12 | warmed | warm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 ground | acl:relcl |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 sunlight | case |
| 14 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 warmed | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 warmed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warm | present · passive | the ground | the air | mostly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | warm | present · passive | sunlight | the ground | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/9/