Energy — where it comes from and how to save it, sentence 4
Coal, oil and gas are fuels made from plants and tiny sea creatures that lived millions of years ago.
Who acts: Coal, tiny sea creatures · What happens: be, make, live · To what, where: fuels, plants, millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Coal, tiny sea creatures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fuels | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 oil | punct |
| 3 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Coal | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 gas | cc |
| 5 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Coal | conj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fuels | cop |
| 7 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 fuels | acl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 plants | case |
| 10 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 made | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 creatures | cc |
| 12 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 creatures | amod |
| 13 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 creatures | compound |
| 14 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 plants | conj |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 lived | nsubj |
| 16 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 creatures | acl:relcl |
| 17 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lived | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 years | case |
| 19 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 millions | nmod |
| 20 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 16 lived | advmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 fuels | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Coal and oil and gas | fuels | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | fuels not said here | plants and tiny sea creatures | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from plant=Material | ||||
| 3 | live | past | tiny sea creatures | millions of years | ago property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme million=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:056-energy.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/56-energy/4/