Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 5
Most fossils form when a dead plant or animal is quickly buried in mud or sand; its hard parts are slowly replaced by minerals and turn to stone, so fossils are found mostly in sedimentary rock.
Who acts: Most fossils, minerals · What happens: form, bury, replace, turn, find · To what, where: dead plant, mud, hard parts, stone, fossils, sedimentary rock
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most fossils, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 fossils | amod |
| 2 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 form | nsubj |
| 3 | form | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 buried | advmod |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 plant | det |
| 6 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 plant | amod |
| 7 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 buried | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 animal | cc |
| 9 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 plant | conj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 buried | aux:pass |
| 11 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 12 buried | advmod |
| 12 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 form | advcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 mud | case |
| 14 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 buried | obl |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 sand | cc |
| 16 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 mud | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 replaced | punct |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 parts | nmod:poss |
| 19 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 parts | amod |
| 20 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 replaced | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 replaced | aux:pass |
| 22 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 23 replaced | advmod |
| 23 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 form | parataxis |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 minerals | case |
| 25 | minerals | mineral | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 replaced | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 turn | cc |
| 27 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 replaced | conj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 stone | case |
| 29 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 turn | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 found | punct |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 found | advmod |
| 32 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 found | nsubj |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 found | aux:pass |
| 34 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 replaced | parataxis |
| 35 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 38 rock | advmod |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 rock | case |
| 37 | sedimentary | sedimentary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rock | amod |
| 38 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 found | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 form | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Most fossils | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | bury | present · passive | a dead plant or animal | mud or sand | quickly property | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination | |||
| 3 | replace | present · passive | minerals | fossil's hard parts | slowly property | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | |||
| 4 | turn | present | minerals not said here | stone | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | find | present · passive | fossils | sedimentary rock | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/5/