Volcanoes and earthquakes up close, sentence 4
In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are pushed for years, bend a little, and then suddenly slip; the energy spreads out as waves through the ground.
Who acts: crack, energy · What happens: call, push, bend, slip, spread out · To what, where: fault, rocks, earthquake, little · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crack, energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 earthquake | case |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 earthquake | det |
| 3 | earthquake | earthquake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pushed | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pushed | punct |
| 5 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pushed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 sides | case |
| 7 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 sides | det |
| 8 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 rocks | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 crack | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 crack | det |
| 11 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sides | nmod |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 crack | acl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 fault | det |
| 14 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 called | obj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 pushed | aux:pass |
| 16 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 years | case |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pushed | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bend | punct |
| 20 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 pushed | conj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 little | det |
| 22 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 bend | obl:unmarked |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 slip | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 slip | cc |
| 25 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 slip | advmod |
| 26 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 27 slip | advmod |
| 27 | slip | slip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 pushed | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 spreads | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 energy | det |
| 30 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 spreads | nsubj |
| 31 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 pushed | parataxis |
| 32 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 spreads | compound:prt |
| 33 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 waves | case |
| 34 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 spreads | obl |
| 35 | through | through | ADP | _ | 37 ground | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 ground | det |
| 37 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 waves | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 pushed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | a crack not said here | a fault | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fault=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | push | present · passive | rocks on both sides of a crack | a earthquake | year | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in earthquake=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | bend | present | a little | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | slip | present | then | suddenly property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | spread out | present | the energy | as waves through the ground | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/4/