Soil and what lives in it, sentence 5
Earthworms are the gardeners of the soil: they eat dead leaves and soil, leave behind rich droppings called casts, and dig tunnels that let air and water reach the roots.
Who acts: Earthworms, rich droppings, tunnels · What happens: be, eat, leave, call, dig, let · To what, where: gardeners, dead leaves, rich droppings, casts, tunnels, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earthworms, rich droppings, tunnels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Earthworms | earthworm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 gardeners | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gardeners | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 gardeners | det |
| 4 | gardeners | gardener | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 soil | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 soil | det |
| 7 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gardeners | nmod |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 eat | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 eat | nsubj |
| 10 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gardeners | parataxis |
| 11 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 leaves | amod |
| 12 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 eat | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 soil | cc |
| 14 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 leaves | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 leave | punct |
| 16 | leave | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 eat | conj |
| 17 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 19 droppings | case |
| 18 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 droppings | amod |
| 19 | droppings | dropping | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 leave | obl |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 droppings | acl |
| 21 | casts | cast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 called | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 dig | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 dig | cc |
| 24 | dig | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 eat | conj |
| 25 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 dig | obj |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 let | nsubj |
| 27 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 25 tunnels | acl |
| 28 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 let | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 reach | cc |
| 30 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 air | conj |
| 31 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 let | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 roots | det |
| 33 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 reach | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gardeners | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Earthworms | the gardeners | of the soil | tree rules | |||
| 2 | eat | present | Earthworms = earthworm | dead leaves and soil | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 3 | leave | present | Earthworms = earthworm not said here | rich droppings | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent behind dropping=Location | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | rich droppings not said here | casts | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | dig | present | Earthworms = earthworm not said here | tunnels | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme | ||||
| 6 | let | infinitive | tunnels | air and water | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 7 | reach | infinitive | tunnels not said here | the roots | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent root=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/5/