Soil and what lives in it, sentence 6

Soils differ: sandy soil has big grains with big gaps, so water drains through it fast; clay soil has tiny grains packed close, so it holds water and can become sticky and waterlogged; loam, a mix of sand, silt, clay and humus, is the best for most crops.

Who acts: Soils, sandy soil, water, clay soil, Soil, loam · What happens: differ, have, drain, pack, hold, become · To what, where: big grains, Soil, tiny grains, water

This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soils, sandy soil, water, clay soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soils	soil	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 differ	nsubj
2	differ	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 differ	punct
4	sandy	sandy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 soil	amod
5	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 differ	parataxis
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 grains	amod
8	grains	grain	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 has	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 gaps	case
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 gaps	amod
11	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 grains	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 drains	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	15 drains	advmod
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drains	nsubj
15	drains	drain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	conj
16	through	through	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 drains	obl
18	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 drains	advmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 has	punct
20	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 soil	compound
21	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 has	nsubj
22	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	conj
23	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 grains	amod
24	grains	grain	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 has	obj
25	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 grains	acl
26	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	25 packed	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 holds	punct
28	so	so	ADV	_	30 holds	advmod
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 holds	nsubj
30	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 has	conj
31	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 holds	obj
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 become	cc
33	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 become	aux
34	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 holds	conj
35	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 become	xcomp
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 waterlogged	cc
37	waterlogged	waterlogged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 sticky	conj
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 loam	punct
39	loam	loam	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 best	nsubj
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 loam	punct
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 mix	det
42	mix	mix	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 loam	appos
43	of	of	ADP	_	44 sand	case
44	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 mix	nmod
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 silt	punct
46	silt	silt	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 sand	conj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	48 clay	punct
48	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 silt	appos
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	50 humus	cc
50	humus	humus	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 clay	conj
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 best	punct
52	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	54 best	cop
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 best	det
54	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 has	conj
55	for	for	ADP	_	57 crops	case
56	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	57 crops	amod
57	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 best	obl
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 differ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	differ	present	Soils				vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	have	present	sandy soil	big grains		with big gaps	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Patient
3	drain	present	water		Soil	fast property	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source
4	have	present	clay soil	tiny grains			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Patient
5	pack	participle		tiny grains not said here		close property	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
6	hold	present	Soil	water			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
7	become	can	Soil not said here			sticky property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
8	is	present	loam			for most crops; good property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/6/