Rivers, lakes and the sea up close, sentence 3
Lakes form in hollows dug by glaciers, in craters of old volcanoes, in cracks where the crust pulled apart, or behind dams; Lake Baikal in Russia, in such a crack, is the deepest lake on Earth and holds about a fifth of all the fresh water in lakes and rivers.
Who acts: Lakes, Lake Baikal · What happens: form, dig, pull apart, be, hold · To what, where: hollows, crust, dams, deepest lake, Earth, fifth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Rivers, lakes and the sea up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lakes, Lake Baikal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 form | nsubj |
| 2 | form | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 lake | parataxis |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 hollows | case |
| 4 | hollows | hollow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 form | obl |
| 5 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 hollows | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 glaciers | case |
| 7 | glaciers | glacier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dug | obl:agent |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 craters | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 craters | case |
| 10 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 form | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 volcanoes | case |
| 12 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 volcanoes | amod |
| 13 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 craters | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cracks | punct |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 cracks | case |
| 16 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 craters | conj |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 20 pulled | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 crust | det |
| 19 | crust | crust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 pulled | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 cracks | acl |
| 21 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 20 pulled | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 dams | punct |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 dams | cc |
| 24 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 25 dams | case |
| 25 | dams | dam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 pulled | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 Baikal | punct |
| 27 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Baikal | compound |
| 28 | Baikal | Baikal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 lake | nsubj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Russia | case |
| 30 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Baikal | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 crack | punct |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 crack | case |
| 33 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 crack | det:predet |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 crack | det |
| 35 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 Baikal | appos |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 form | punct |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 lake | cop |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 lake | det |
| 39 | deepest | deep | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 40 lake | amod |
| 40 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 Earth | case |
| 42 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 lake | nmod |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 holds | cc |
| 44 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 lake | conj |
| 45 | about | about | ADP | _ | 47 fifth | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 fifth | det |
| 47 | fifth | fifth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 holds | obj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 water | case |
| 49 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 52 water | det:predet |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 water | det |
| 51 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 water | amod |
| 52 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 fifth | nmod |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 lakes | case |
| 54 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 water | nmod |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 rivers | cc |
| 56 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 lakes | conj |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 form | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Lakes | hollows | in craters of old volcanoes and cracks | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hollow=Location | |||
| 2 | dig | participle | hollows not said here | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | pull apart | past · passive | the crust | dams | apart property | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 4 | is a | present | Lake Baikal in Russia | the deepest lake | Earth | tree rules | |||
| 5 | hold | present | Lake Baikal in Russia not said here | a fifth of all fresh water in lakes and rivers | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fifth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:064-rivers-lakes-and-the-sea.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/64-rivers-lakes-and-the-sea/3/