Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, sentence 1

It forms where more snow falls in winter than melts in summer, so year after year the snow piles up and is pressed into hard blue ice, the way a snowball squeezed in your hands turns icy.

Who acts: glacier, more snow, snow, snowball · What happens: form, fall, melt, pile up, press, squeeze · To what, where: hard blue ice, snowball, hands, way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glacier, more snow, snow, snowball), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 falls	advmod
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 snow	amod
5	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falls	nsubj
6	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 forms	advcl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falls	obl
9	than	than	SCONJ	_	10 melts	mark
10	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 falls	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 summer	case
12	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 melts	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 piles	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	20 piles	advmod
15	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 piles	obl:unmarked
16	after	after	ADP	_	17 year	case
17	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 year	nmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 snow	det
19	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 piles	nsubj
20	piles	pile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 forms	parataxis
21	up	up	ADP	_	20 piles	compound:prt
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 pressed	cc
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 pressed	aux:pass
24	pressed	press	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 piles	conj
25	into	into	ADP	_	28 ice	case
26	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 ice	amod
27	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 ice	amod
28	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 pressed	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 way	punct
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 way	det
31	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 ice	acl
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 snowball	det
33	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 turns	nsubj
34	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 snowball	acl
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 hands	case
36	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 hands	nmod:poss
37	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 squeezed	obl
38	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 way	acl:relcl
39	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 turns	xcomp
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 forms	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	glacier					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fall	present	more snow			winter		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	melt	present	more snow not said here			summer		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	pile up	present	the snow			year		vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
5	press	present · passive	the snow not said here		hard blue ice			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: into ice=Trajectory
6	squeeze	participle		a snowball not said here	your hands			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
7	turn	present	a snowball	the way not said here			icy property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme way=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/1/