Deserts, rainforests and grasslands, sentence 9
Grass survives grazing and fire because it grows from near the ground, not from its tips: when an antelope bites off the top, or a fire sweeps over, the grass grows again from its base.
Who acts: Grass, antelope, fire · What happens: survive, grow, bite off, sweep over · To what, where: grazing, tips, top
This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts, rainforests and grasslands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grass, antelope, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 survives | nsubj |
| 2 | survives | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | grazing | grazing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 survives | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 fire | cc |
| 5 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grazing | conj |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 8 grows | mark |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 grows | nsubj |
| 8 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 survives | advcl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 ground | case |
| 10 | near | near | ADP | _ | 12 ground | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ground | det |
| 12 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grows | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 tips | punct |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 tips | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 tips | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 tips | nmod:poss |
| 17 | tips | tip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 survives | obl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 bites | punct |
| 19 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 22 bites | mark |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 antelope | det |
| 21 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bites | nsubj |
| 22 | bites | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 grows | advcl |
| 23 | off | off | ADP | _ | 25 top | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 top | det |
| 25 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bites | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sweeps | punct |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 sweeps | cc |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 fire | det |
| 29 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sweeps | nsubj |
| 30 | sweeps | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 bites | conj |
| 31 | over | over | ADV | _ | 30 sweeps | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grows | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 grass | det |
| 34 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grows | nsubj |
| 35 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 survives | parataxis |
| 36 | again | again | ADV | _ | 35 grows | advmod |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 base | case |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 base | nmod:poss |
| 39 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grows | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 survives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | survive | present | Grass | grazing and fire | Grass's tips | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme grazing=Circumstance | |||
| 2 | grow | present | Grass | from the ground | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ground=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bite off | present | a antelope | the top | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent top=Patient | ||||
| 4 | sweep over | present | a fire | over property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | grow | present | the grass | again | from Grass's base | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from base=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:066-deserts-rainforests-grasslands.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/66-deserts-rainforests-grasslands/9/