Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 16
Hail forms in thunderstorm clouds as ice layers are added while strong winds carry it up and down.
Who acts: Hail, strong winds · What happens: form, add, carry · To what, where: thunderstorm clouds, ice layers, layer
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hail, strong winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 forms | nsubj |
| 2 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 clouds | case |
| 4 | thunderstorm | thunderstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 clouds | compound |
| 5 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 forms | obl |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 added | mark |
| 7 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 layers | compound |
| 8 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 added | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 added | aux:pass |
| 10 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 forms | advcl |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 14 carry | mark |
| 12 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 winds | amod |
| 13 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 carry | nsubj |
| 14 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 added | advcl |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 carry | obj |
| 16 | up | up | ADV | _ | 14 carry | advmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 down | cc |
| 18 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 up | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 forms | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Hail | thunderstorm clouds | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cloud=Location | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present · passive | ice layers | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | carry | present | strong winds | layer | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/16/