Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 18
Dew is water vapour that condenses on cold surfaces; frost forms when the surface is below freezing.
Who acts: Dew, water vapour, frost, surface · What happens: be, condense, form · To what, where: water vapour, cold surfaces, freezing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dew, water vapour, frost, surface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dew | dew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 vapour | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 vapour | cop |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 vapour | compound |
| 4 | vapour | vapour | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 condenses | nsubj |
| 6 | condenses | condense | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 vapour | acl:relcl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 surfaces | case |
| 8 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 surfaces | amod |
| 9 | surfaces | surface | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 condenses | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 forms | punct |
| 11 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 forms | nsubj |
| 12 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 condenses | conj |
| 13 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 18 freezing | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 surface | det |
| 15 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 freezing | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 freezing | cop |
| 17 | below | below | ADP | _ | 18 freezing | case |
| 18 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 forms | advcl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 vapour | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Dew | water vapour | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | condense | present | water vapour | cold surfaces | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | form | present | frost | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | present | the surface | freezing | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/18/