Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes, sentence 0
A thunderstorm grows when warm, damp air rises very fast and cools, building a tall, dark tower of cloud called a cumulonimbus, which can reach higher than aeroplanes fly.
Who acts: thunderstorm, warm damp air, tall dark tower, aeroplanes · What happens: grow, rise, cool, build, call, reach · To what, where: tall dark tower, cumulonimbus, higher · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thunderstorm, warm damp air, tall dark tower, aeroplanes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 thunderstorm | det |
| 2 | thunderstorm | thunderstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grows | nsubj |
| 3 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 9 rises | mark |
| 5 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 warm | punct |
| 7 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rises | nsubj |
| 9 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grows | advcl |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 fast | advmod |
| 11 | fast | fast | ADV | _ | 9 rises | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 cools | cc |
| 13 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 rises | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 building | punct |
| 15 | building | build | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 cools | advcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 tower | det |
| 17 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 tower | amod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 tall | punct |
| 19 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 tower | amod |
| 20 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 building | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 cloud | case |
| 22 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 tower | nmod |
| 23 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 tower | acl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cumulonimbus | det |
| 25 | cumulonimbus | cumulonimbus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 called | xcomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 reach | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 reach | nsubj |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 reach | aux |
| 29 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 tower | acl:relcl |
| 30 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 reach | obj |
| 31 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 33 fly | mark |
| 32 | aeroplanes | aeroplane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 fly | nsubj |
| 33 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 higher | advcl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | a thunderstorm | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | rise | present | warm damp air | fast property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | cool | present | warm damp air not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | build | gerund | warm damp air not said here | a tall dark tower of cloud | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tower=Product | ||||
| 5 | call | participle | a tall dark tower of cloud not said here | a cumulonimbus | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | reach | can | a tall dark tower of cloud | higher | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent high=Theme | ||||
| 7 | fly | present | aeroplanes | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:068-storms-and-wild-winds.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/68-storms-and-wild-winds/0/