Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes, sentence 1
Lightning is so hot, hotter than the surface of the Sun, that it can split trees and start fires, and it strikes the tallest and nearest paths to the ground, such as trees, towers and people standing in open fields.
Who acts: Lightning, people · What happens: be, split, start, strike, stand · To what, where: trees, tallest paths, open fields
This is a sentence of the lesson «Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lightning, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hot | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hot | cop |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 hot | advmod |
| 4 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 hotter | punct |
| 6 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 hot | conj |
| 7 | than | than | ADP | _ | 9 surface | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 surface | det |
| 9 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hotter | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Sun | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Sun | det |
| 12 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 surface | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 split | punct |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 split | mark |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 split | nsubj |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 split | aux |
| 17 | split | split | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 hotter | conj |
| 18 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 split | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 fires | cc |
| 20 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 split | conj |
| 21 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 trees | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 strikes | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 strikes | cc |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 strikes | nsubj |
| 25 | strikes | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 hotter | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 paths | det |
| 27 | tallest | tall | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 30 paths | amod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 paths | cc |
| 29 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 27 tallest | conj |
| 30 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 strikes | obj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 ground | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 ground | det |
| 33 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 paths | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 trees | punct |
| 35 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 37 trees | case |
| 36 | as | as | ADP | _ | 35 such | fixed |
| 37 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 paths | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 towers | punct |
| 39 | towers | tower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 trees | conj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 people | cc |
| 41 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 towers | conj |
| 42 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 people | acl |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 fields | case |
| 44 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 fields | amod |
| 45 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 standing | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hot | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Lightning | hot property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | Lightning not said here | than the surface of the Sun | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | split | can | Lightning | trees and fires | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient | ||||
| 4 | start | infinitive | Lightning not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | strike | present | Lightning | the tallest paths | to the ground result; such trees and towers and people | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent path=Patient to ground=Result | |||
| 6 | stand | gerund | people not said here | open fields | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in field=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:068-storms-and-wild-winds.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/68-storms-and-wild-winds/1/