Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes, sentence 4
A tornado is much smaller but can be even fiercer: a narrow spinning column of air that reaches down from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground and may destroy one street while leaving the next one untouched.
Who acts: tornado, narrow spinning column · What happens: be, spin, reach down, destroy, leave · To what, where: thunderstorm cloud, one street, next one
This is a sentence of the lesson «Storms: thunder, lightning, hurricanes and tornadoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tornado, narrow spinning column), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 tornado | det |
| 2 | tornado | tornado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 smaller | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 smaller | cop |
| 4 | much | much | ADV | _ | 5 smaller | advmod |
| 5 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 fiercer | cc |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 fiercer | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 fiercer | cop |
| 9 | even | even | ADV | _ | 10 fiercer | advmod |
| 10 | fiercer | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 smaller | conj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 column | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 column | det |
| 13 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 column | amod |
| 14 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 column | amod |
| 15 | column | column | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fiercer | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 air | case |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 column | nmod |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 reaches | nsubj |
| 19 | reaches | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 column | acl:relcl |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 19 reaches | compound:prt |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 cloud | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 cloud | det |
| 23 | thunderstorm | thunderstorm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cloud | compound |
| 24 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 reaches | obl |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 ground | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 ground | det |
| 27 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 reaches | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 destroy | cc |
| 29 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 destroy | aux |
| 30 | destroy | destroy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 reaches | conj |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 street | nummod |
| 32 | street | street | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 destroy | obj |
| 33 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 34 leaving | mark |
| 34 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 destroy | advcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 one | det |
| 36 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 one | amod |
| 37 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 leaving | obj |
| 38 | untouched | untouched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 leaving | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 smaller | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a tornado | small property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | can | a tornado not said here | a narrow spinning column of air obl; fierce property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | spin | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | reach down | present | a narrow spinning column of air | a thunderstorm cloud | to the ground | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | destroy | may | a narrow spinning column of air not said here | one street | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Patient | ||||
| 6 | leave | gerund | a narrow spinning column of air not said here | the next one | untouched property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:068-storms-and-wild-winds.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/68-storms-and-wild-winds/4/