Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky, sentence 12
Stars twinkle because moving air bends their light this way and that; planets usually shine more steadily.
Who acts: Stars, moving air, planets · What happens: twinkle, move, bend, shine, light · To what, where: light
This is a sentence of the lesson «Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, moving air, planets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 twinkle | nsubj |
| 2 | twinkle | twinkle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 bends | mark |
| 4 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 air | amod |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bends | nsubj |
| 6 | bends | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 twinkle | advcl |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 light | nmod:poss |
| 8 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bends | obj |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 way | det |
| 10 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bends | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 that | cc |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 way | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 shine | punct |
| 14 | planets | planet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 shine | nsubj |
| 15 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 16 shine | advmod |
| 16 | shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 bends | conj |
| 17 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 18 steadily | advmod |
| 18 | steadily | steadily | ADV | _ | 16 shine | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 twinkle | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twinkle | present | Stars | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | move | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | bend | present | moving air | stars's light | this way obl | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material | |||
| 4 | shine | present | planets | steadily, usually property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | light | stars = star | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:070-the-night-sky.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/70-the-night-sky/12/