Insects and spiders, sentence 2

An insect's hard outer skeleton cannot stretch, so a growing insect must moult: it splits its old skin and crawls out in a new, soft one that hardens later.

Who acts: hard outer skeleton, growing insect, insect, new soft one · What happens: not stretch, grow, moult, split, crawl out, harden · To what, where: old skin

This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hard outer skeleton, growing insect, insect, new soft one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 insect	det
2	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 skeleton	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 insect	case
4	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skeleton	amod
5	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skeleton	amod
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stretch	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 stretch	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 stretch	advmod
9	stretch	stretch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 moult	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	16 moult	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 insect	det
13	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 insect	amod
14	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 moult	nsubj
15	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 moult	aux
16	moult	moult	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 stretch	parataxis
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 splits	punct
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 splits	nsubj
19	splits	split	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 moult	parataxis
20	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 skin	nmod:poss
21	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 skin	amod
22	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 splits	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 crawls	cc
24	crawls	crawl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 splits	conj
25	out	out	ADV	_	24 crawls	advmod
26	in	in	ADP	_	31 one	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 one	det
28	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 one	amod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 new	punct
30	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 one	amod
31	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 crawls	obl
32	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 hardens	nsubj
33	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 one	acl:relcl
34	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	33 hardens	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 stretch	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not stretch	can	a insect's hard outer skeleton			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	grow	gerund				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	moult	must	a growing insect			vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	split	present	insect	insect's old skin		vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
5	crawl out	present	insect not said here		in a new soft one; out property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in one=Trajectory
6	harden	present	a new soft one		late property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/2/