Insects and spiders, sentence 1
Insects have no lungs: air flows into their bodies through tiny holes along their sides and travels down thin tubes, which works only in small bodies, and that is one reason insects stay small.
Who acts: Insects, air, thin tubes, that · What happens: have, flow, travel, work, be, stay · To what, where: lungs, bodies, thin tubes, one reason
This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, air, thin tubes, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 lungs | det |
| 4 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 flows | punct |
| 6 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 flows | nsubj |
| 7 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 bodies | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 10 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 flows | obl |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 holes | case |
| 12 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 holes | amod |
| 13 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 flows | obl |
| 14 | along | along | ADP | _ | 16 sides | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 sides | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 holes | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 travels | cc |
| 18 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 flows | conj |
| 19 | down | down | ADV | _ | 21 tubes | advmod |
| 20 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 tubes | amod |
| 21 | tubes | tube | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 travels | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 works | punct |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 works | nsubj |
| 24 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 tubes | acl:relcl |
| 25 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 bodies | advmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 bodies | case |
| 27 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 bodies | amod |
| 28 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 works | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 reason | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 reason | cc |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 reason | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 reason | cop |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 reason | nummod |
| 34 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 flows | conj |
| 35 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 stay | nsubj |
| 36 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 reason | acl |
| 37 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 stay | xcomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Insects | no lungs | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | ||||
| 2 | flow | present | air | lungs's bodies | through tiny holes along lungs's sides | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hole=Location | |||
| 3 | travel | present | air not said here | thin tubes | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tube=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | work | present | thin tubes | in small bodies | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in body=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | that | one reason | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | stay | present | insects | one reason not said here | small property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme reason=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:072-insects-and-spiders.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/72-insects-and-spiders/1/