Birds: feathers, nests and flight, sentence 12
Birds have no teeth; a muscly part of the stomach called the gizzard grinds their food, often with swallowed grit.
Who acts: Birds, stomach, muscly part · What happens: have, call, grind, swallow · To what, where: teeth, gizzard, food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, stomach, muscly part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 teeth | det |
| 4 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 part | det |
| 7 | muscly | muscly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 part | amod |
| 8 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grinds | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 stomach | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 stomach | det |
| 11 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 part | nmod |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 stomach | acl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 gizzard | det |
| 14 | gizzard | gizzard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 called | obj |
| 15 | grinds | grind | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | conj |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 food | nmod:poss |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grinds | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 grinds | punct |
| 19 | often | often | ADV | _ | 15 grinds | advmod |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 grit | case |
| 21 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 grit | amod |
| 22 | grit | grit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grinds | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Birds | no teeth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | the stomach not said here | the gizzard | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gizzard=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | grind | present | a muscly part of the stomach | teeth's food | with swallowed grit; often property | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent food=Patient with grit=Instrument | |||
| 4 | swallow | participle | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:073-birds-feathers-nests-flight.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/12/