Fish, frogs and reptiles, sentence 13
A shark has no swim bladder, so it keeps swimming to stay up, and its light, bendy skeleton helps it.
Who acts: shark, light bendy skeleton · What happens: have, keep, swim, stay up, help · To what, where: swim bladder, shark
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shark, light bendy skeleton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 shark | det |
| 2 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 bladder | det |
| 5 | swim | swim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bladder | compound |
| 6 | bladder | bladder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 keeps | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 keeps | advmod |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 keeps | nsubj |
| 10 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 11 | swimming | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 keeps | xcomp |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 stay | mark |
| 13 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 swimming | advcl |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 stay | compound:prt |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 helps | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 helps | cc |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 skeleton | nmod:poss |
| 18 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 skeleton | amod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 skeleton | punct |
| 20 | bendy | bendy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 skeleton | amod |
| 21 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 helps | nsubj |
| 22 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 helps | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a shark | no swim bladder | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bladder=Patient | ||||
| 2 | keep | present | shark | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | swim | gerund | shark not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | stay up | to-infinitive | shark not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | help | present | shark's light bendy skeleton | shark | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:074-fish-frogs-reptiles.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/13/