Mammals and how they care for their young, sentence 3
Parents keep the young warm, clean and safe, and they teach them: a lioness shows her cubs how to hunt, and a young elephant learns where to find water from the older females of its herd.
Who acts: Parents, lioness, young elephant · What happens: keep, teach, show, hunt, learn, find · To what, where: young, babies, cubs, water, older females
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parents, lioness, young elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 keep | nsubj |
| 2 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 young | det |
| 4 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 keep | obj |
| 5 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 keep | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 clean | punct |
| 7 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 warm | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 safe | cc |
| 9 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 warm | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 teach | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 teach | cc |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 teach | nsubj |
| 13 | teach | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 keep | conj |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 teach | iobj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 shows | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 lioness | det |
| 17 | lioness | lioness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 shows | nsubj |
| 18 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 keep | conj |
| 19 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 cubs | nmod:poss |
| 20 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 shows | obj |
| 21 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 hunt | advmod |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 hunt | mark |
| 23 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 cubs | acl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 learns | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 learns | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 elephant | det |
| 27 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 elephant | amod |
| 28 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 learns | nsubj |
| 29 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 shows | conj |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 find | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 find | mark |
| 32 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 learns | xcomp |
| 33 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 find | obj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 females | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 females | det |
| 36 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 females | amod |
| 37 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 find | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 herd | case |
| 39 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 herd | nmod:poss |
| 40 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 females | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Parents | the young | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Theme | |||
| 2 | teach speech: other | present | Parents = parent | babies = baby | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | show | present | a lioness | lioness's cubs | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cub=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | hunt | to-infinitive | a lioness not said here | lioness's cubs not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | learn | present | a young elephant | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | find | to-infinitive | a young elephant not said here | water | the older females of elephant's herd | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme from female=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:075-mammals-and-their-young.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/3/