Trees and forests through the year, sentence 1

Deciduous trees, like oak, maple and birch, drop their leaves in autumn and rest through winter; evergreen trees, like pine and spruce, keep their needles all year and lose old ones a few at a time.

Who acts: Deciduous trees, evergreen trees · What happens: drop, rest, keep, lose · To what, where: leaves, needles, old ones

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Deciduous trees, evergreen trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 trees	amod
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drop	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 oak	punct
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 oak	case
5	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trees	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 maple	punct
7	maple	maple	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 oak	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 birch	cc
9	birch	birch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 oak	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 trees	punct
11	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 leaves	nmod:poss
13	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drop	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 autumn	case
15	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 drop	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 rest	cc
17	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 drop	conj
18	through	through	ADP	_	19 winter	case
19	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 rest	obl
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 trees	punct
21	evergreen	evergreen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 trees	amod
22	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 keep	nsubj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 pine	punct
24	like	like	ADP	_	25 pine	case
25	pine	pine	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 trees	nmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 spruce	cc
27	spruce	spruce	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 pine	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 keep	punct
29	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 drop	parataxis
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 needles	nmod:poss
31	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 keep	obj
32	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	33 year	det
33	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 keep	obl:unmarked
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 lose	cc
35	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 keep	conj
36	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 ones	amod
37	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 lose	obj
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 few	det
39	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 lose	obl
40	at	at	ADP	_	42 time	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 time	det
42	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 few	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 drop	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	drop	present	Deciduous trees like oak and maple and birch	oak's leaves	autumn		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme
2	rest	present	Deciduous trees like oak and maple and birch not said here		winter		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	keep	present	evergreen trees like pine and spruce	pine's needles	year		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Theme
4	lose	present	evergreen trees like pine and spruce not said here	old ones		a few obl	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/1/